Effects of UV on eye health

Short term effect

Photokeratitis: Often referred to as “sunburn of the eye,” photokeratitis is a painful condition caused by intense UV exposure. Symptoms include redness, grittiness, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light. This situation is usually temporary but can be pretty uncomfortable.

Photoconjunctivitis: Similar to photokeratitis, photoconjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids) caused by ultraviolet light exposure. Symptoms include redness, inflammation, and swelling.

Long term effects

Cataracts: Long-term exposure to UV light increases the risk of developing cataracts, which are characterized by lens opacification. If left untreated, cataracts can lead to impaired vision and blindness.

Macular degeneration: Ultraviolet radiation can accelerate the aging process of the retina, which may lead to macular degeneration. This condition affects the central part of the retina, which is responsible for sharp and detailed vision, and can lead to severe vision loss.

Pterygium: Also known as the “surfer’s eye,” the pterygium is a growth of fleshy tissue in the white part of the eye that can extend into the cornea. Although usually benign, it can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, impair vision.

Eye cancer: Exposure to sunlight and UV rays increases the risk of developing eye squamous cell carcinoma.

How to protect your eyes from UV damage?

Wear sunglasses with UV protection

One of the most effective ways to protect your eyes is to wear sunglasses blocking UV rays. Wrap-around styles are especially beneficial because they prevent UV rays from entering from the side.

Wear a wide-brimmed hat

Wearing a wide-brimmed hat can block direct sunlight and significantly reduce UV exposure to your eyes. This is a simple and effective measure, especially with UV-protective sunglasses.

Avoid peak sunlight

UV rays are most intense between 10 am. an4 pmp.m. If possible, minimize direct sunlight during this time. If you must be outdoors, make sure you wear adequate protection.

Uv protective contact lenses

For those who wear contact lenses, consider lenses that provide UV protection. These lenses offer additional protection against harmful rays, but they should not replace sunglasses.

Check your eyes regularly

Regular eye exams can help detect early signs of UV-related damage. An eye care professional can provide personalized advice on UV protection and monitor your eye health over time.

Conclusion

Protecting your eyes from UV rays is essential to maintaining long-term eye health. Understanding the risks of UV exposure and taking preventive measures can prevent the adverse effects of UV exposure. Wear UV-resistant sunglasses and a hat, avoid when the sun is most vital, consider wearing UV-resistant contact lenses, and get regular vision tests. Doing so allows you to safely enjoy the sun and keep your vision clear and healthy.