Why are falls on the rise among older people?
Between 2001 and 2014, the primary or secondary diagnosis of nearly 1 million hospitalizations was an eye injury. The number of patients admitted to hospitals mainly for eye injuries decreased. Still, the number of patients admitted for other reasons increased by 31%, from 14.5 to 19.0 per 100,000 people. The researchers estimated that 82 percent of the increase in secondary eye injuries was attributable to falls in older patients.
The researchers said the changes in eye injuries could be caused by increased falls due to an aging population. They note that fall rates have risen steadily in the United States over the past decade and are likely to continue to rise as more people live longer and older adults become more mobile.
Which eye injuries are caused by falls?
Among patients hospitalized primarily for eye injuries, the most common diagnosis was an orbital fracture or traumatic injury to the bone of the eye socket. These injuries are often the result of blunt force trauma to the eye. The most common eye injuries for patients with a secondary diagnosis of eye injury were dark circles, eyelids, and lacrimal gland injuries.
Which eye diseases increase the chance of falling?
“People with vision loss are at increased risk for falls,” says Laurie Barber, MD, a general ophthalmologist in Little Rock, Arkansas. Common vision problems such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration can all cause a person to lose their footing and fall. Fortunately, these conditions are often preventable or treatable.”
Dr. Barber says cataracts can cause blurred vision, making it harder to see and increasing the risk of falls. One study found a lower likelihood of hip fractures after cataract surgery.
People with macular degeneration have reduced central vision. “That means it’s easy for people to miss something on the road and trip over it,” Dr. Barber said.
People with glaucoma often lose peripheral (lateral) vision, which makes it easy for them to bump into things. “Some of my patients hit a wall or the edge of a table they didn’t see, causing them to fall,” she said.
Stroke patients may also have vision problems, which can cause them to bump into things and fall.
How can you help older people reduce their chances of falling?
Dr. Barber recommends that people 65 and older should have their eyes checked once a year to reduce the risk of falls. “Change your glasses to ensure your vision is as good as possible,” she said. Seniors concerned about the cost of a test can visit the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s American Eye Care Program page to see if they qualify for a free eye exam.
The Centers for Disease Control recommends taking the following steps to reduce the risk of falls:
If you fall or feel unsteady, consult your doctor. Some medications can cause dizziness or drowsiness, increasing the risk of falls. Also, check your feet and discuss appropriate shoes with your caregiver.
Engage in regular physical activity, such as tai chi, yoga, or water aerobics, to improve your strength and balance.
Clear your home of clutter that increases your chances of tripping.
Throw away the rugs or secure them with double-sided tape.
Install grab bars next to and in the tub and next to the toilet.
Use non-slip MATS on bathroom and shower floors.
“Good lighting in the home is essential to prevent falls,” Dr Barber added. “Keep your home bright to avoid tripping over hard-to-see objects.”
